篇一：prevent
pre.vent
prevent的音标和读音：
DJ音标发音： [pri?vent]
KK音标发音： [pr??v?nt]
prevent的词性：
v.（动词）
prevented， preventing， prevents
prevent的词性：
v.tr.（及物动词）
1. To keep from happening:
预防：使防止发生：
用法与例句：
took steps to prevent the strike.
采取步骤避免罢工
2. To keep (someone) from doing something; impede:
阻碍：使（某人）不做某事；阻挠：
用法与例句：
prevented us from winning.
阻挠我们获胜
3. Archaic To anticipate or counter in advance.
【古语】 预先应付：事先预料或遇到
4. Archaic To come before; precede.
【古语】 在…之前：在…之前来；先于
prevent的词性：
v.intr.（不及物动词）
5. To present an obstacle:
阻挠，阻止：呈现出阻碍：
用法与例句：
There will be a picnic if nothing prevents.
如果没有特别的情况，我们将举行野餐
prevent的词源：
6. Middle English preventen [to anticipate]
中古英语 preventen [预料，预期]
7. from Latin praevenore praevent-
源自 拉丁语 praevenore praevent-
8. prae- [pre-]
prae- [前缀，在…之前]
9. venore [to come] * see g w3-
venore [来] *参见 g w3-
prevent的词性：
n.（名词）
prevent的词性：
adj.（形容词）
prevent的词性：
n.（名词）
【近义词】
prevent， preclude， avert， obviate， forestall
10. These verbs mean to stop or hinder something from happening, especially by advance planning or action.
这些动词是指停止或阻挠某事的发生，尤指以预先的计划或行动来阻挠
11. Prevent implies anticipatory counteraction:
Prevent 指预先阻止：
用法与例句：
“The surest way to prevent war is not to fear it” (John Randolph). To preclude is to exclude the possibility of the occurrence of an event or action:
“阻止战争最有把握的方法是不要害怕” （约翰·伦道夫）。Preclude 指排除某事或行为发生的可能性： 用法与例句：
“a tranquillity which . . . his wife's presence would have precluded” (John Hey Newman). To avert is to ward off something about to happen:
“他妻子的出现使宁静成为不可能” （约翰·亨利·纽曼）。Avert 是指阻止将要发生的事情： 用法与例句：
Only quick thinking on the pilot's part averted a disastrous accident.
只有这位飞行员的机智才能阻止这样可怕事件的发生。
12. Obviate implies that something, such as a difficulty, has been anticipated and disposed of effectively:
Obviate 暗指某物，如困难已经被预料到且被有效地排除掉：
用法与例句：
“the objections . . . having . . . been obviated in the preceding chapter” (Joseph Butler). “反对意见…已经…在前一段时间被排除了” （约瑟夫·巴特勒）。
13. Forestall usually suggests anticipatory measures taken to counteract, neutralize, or nullify the effects of something:
Forestall 通常指预先采取措施来消除，中和或抵消某事的后果：
用法与例句：
We installed an alarm system to forestall break-ins.
我们安装了一套警报系统来预防小偷的闯入
篇二：介词to的常见用法
一、介词to的常见用法
1.动词+to
a）动词+ to
adjust to适应， attend to处理；照料， agree to赞同， amount to加起来达…，belong to属于， come to达到， drink to为…干杯，get to到达， happen to发生在某人身上， hold to紧握， lead to通向， listen to听， occur to想起， object to反对， point to指向， respond to回答， refer to参考；指的是…；涉及， reply to回答， see to负责， stick to坚持， turn to求助， write to给某人写信。 b）动词（+sth.）+to+sb.
announce to通知某人， describe to向某人描述， explain to向某人解释， express to对某人表达， mention to提及， nod to向某人点头， report to报告， say to告知， shout to对某人大叫， suggest to对某人提建议，speak to与某人交谈， talk to跟某人谈话， whisper to和某人低声耳语。
c）动词+sth./sb.+ to +sth./sb.
add to增加， compare to比作， carry to运送至， devote to致力于，introduce to介绍给， invite to邀请参加， join to连接到， leave to委托给，reduce to下降至， sentence to判处， take to带到。
2. be +形容词/过去分词+ to
be alive to觉察；晓得， be attentive to注意；留心， be awake to知晓， be blind to缺乏眼光， be close to紧挨着， be common to对某人来说很普通， be contrary to违反；反对， be devoted to致力， be deaf to不愿意听， equal to有…的力量， be exposed to暴露；遭受， be fair to对…公平， be familiar to对某人来说熟悉， be grateful to对某人心存感激， be good to对…有好处， be harmful to对…有危害， be important to对…重要， be kind to友好对待， be known to周知于， be married to嫁给， be moved to转移到， be near to靠近， be necessary to对…有必要， be opposite to在对面， be opposed to反对， be pleasant to合某人之意， be proper to专属， be polite to礼貌待人， be rude to粗暴对待， be relative to与…有关， be strange to不习惯， be similar to类似， be suitable to适合， be true to忠实， be thankful to感激， be useful to对…有用， be used to习惯。
3.to+名词构成的词组
to a degree在某种程度上， to date到现在为止，to one‘s feet跳起来，to one’s mind照…看来， to one‘s surprise使…吃惊，to one’s taste符合胃口， to oneself独自享用， to order定做，to the letter不折不扣地， to the point中肯地
二、at的常见用法 at构成的词组比较多，要细心区分。
1.动词+ at
arrive at抵达，call at访问某地， catch at（it）当场抓住， come at攻击， fire at向…开火，glance at瞟一眼， glare at怒目而视， grieve at忧伤，knock at敲，laugh at嘲笑， look at看一眼， pull at拉扯， rejoice at对…高兴，smile at向某人微笑， shoot at朝…射击， stare at怒目而视，thrust at刺向， tear at撕， tremble at颤抖，wonder at吃惊，work at工作。
2. be +形容词/过去分词+ at
be angry at恼怒于， be alarmed at对…保持警觉，be astonished at对…吃惊， be bad at不擅长， be clever at对某事很灵巧，be delighted at高兴，be disgusted at厌恶， be disappointed at对…失望，be good at擅长， be impatient at对…不够耐心， be mad at狂热于，be pleased at对…感到高兴， be present at出席， be satisfied at满意，be surprised at吃惊， be shocked at对…非常震惊，be terrified at受到…的恐吓，be quick at对…很机敏。
3.at+名词构成的词组
at a distance在一定距离，at a loss不知所措， at a time一次，at all一点也不，at any cost不惜一切代价，at best最好也只是，at first起初，at hand手头，at heart在内心里，at home在家；无拘束，
at last最后，at least至少，at most最多，at once马上，at present目前。
三、介词on的常见用法
on的用法比较重要，本文介绍它的一些常见用法：
1.动词+on
a）动词+ on要认真区分下面一些词组
act on对…有作用， bring on促使；导致， call on拜访某人，count on依赖， carry on执行，depend on取决， feed on以…为生，figure on料想；推断， go on继续，have on穿着， insist on坚持，keep on继续， lean on依赖， live on以…为生， pull on迅速穿上，put on穿上， switch on接通（电源）， take to喜欢；养成；轻易学会，turn on接通（电源）， work on操作， wait on侍候。 b）动词+sb.（sth.）+ on +sb.（sth.）
base on以…为基础， congratulate on恭贺， fix on固定， have mercy on怜悯，have pity on怜惜， keep watch on监视， spend on把时间、精力花在某方面。
2.be+形容词+on的词组
be dependent on依赖， be hard on对某人苛刻，be impressed on对…印象深刻， be keen on渴望， be strict on对…严格。
3.on+名词构成的词组
on board乘（车，飞机），on call听候召唤， on duty值班， on earth到底， on fire着火， on foot步行，on guard在岗，on hire雇用，on holiday度假
四、介词in的常见用法
1.动词+in
a）动词+ in
believe in信任， break in碎成，bring in引起；产生；带来， call in下令收回， fill in填充，get in收获， hand in上缴， involve in涉及， lie in在于， result in导致， share in共享，succeed in成功， take in卷起；订阅， turn in归还当局。
b）动词+sb./time/money+ in
help sb. in帮助某人做某事， spare time/money in匀出时间或钱做某事，spend time/money in花时间或钱做某事，waste time/money in浪费时间或钱做某事。
2. be +形容词+ in
be active in活跃于，be absorbed in专心致志， be busy in忙碌， be born in出生于，be concerned in牵涉， be clothed in穿着， be disappointed in对…失望，be diligent in勤于， be experienced in在…有经验， be employed in任职于，be engaged in忙碌， be expert in某方面的专家， be excellent in在…优秀，be interested in对…有兴趣， be lacking in缺乏， be rich in富有，be slow in迟缓， be successful in在某方面成功， be skilled in精于，be strict in严于， be weak in弱于。
3. in +名词
in advance提前，in all总共，in balance总而言之，in bed卧床，in body亲自，in brief简明扼要，in case万一， in charge主管，in danger有危险， in debt负债， in despair失望，in force大量地；有效，in full全部地， in flower开花，in general一般说来，in itself本身， in love恋爱， in order井然有序， in person亲自，in public公开地， in progress有进展， in practice从实践上看， in rags穿着破衣，in research探索， in return作为报答，in ruins一片废墟，in short总之，in theory从理论上看， in trouble有麻烦， in tears眼泪汪汪，in time及时， in turn按顺序， in vain白白地，in view看得见。
五、介词from的常见用法
from的用法可不能小瞧，你不一定知道下面这些词组意义。
1.动词+from
a）动词+ from
come from来自，date from追溯， depart from违背， die from死于， escape from逃出，fall from自…跌落， hang from垂挂， hear from收到来信，learn from向某人学习， return from自某地返回，rise from自…冒出， result from起因于， suffer from忍受。
b）动词+ sth./sb. +from + sth./ sb. /a place
borrow from向…借， choose from选自， excuse from免除， keep from阻止做，prevent from不准做， protect from不受…之害， receive from收到，remove from移动；除去， save from保全；拯救， separate from分离开来，stop from阻止。
2. be +形容词+ from
be absent from缺席，be different from与众不同， be far from更不用说， be hidden from躲避，be made from用…制成， be tired from因…而疲倦。
3.from…to…
from bad to worse每况愈下，from beginning to end自始至终，from cover to cover从头到尾，from China to Peru到处，from day to day一天一天地，from door to door挨家挨户，from end to end从头至尾，from first to last自始至终，from hand to mouth勉强糊家，from head to foot从头到脚，from mouth to mouth广泛流传，from sun to sun从日出到日落，from start to finish从头开始，from top to toe从头到脚，from time to time不时地，from top to bottom彻底地。
Oscar Wilde
Photograph taken in 1882 by Napoleon Sarony
Born 16 October 1854
Dublin, Ireland
Died
Occupation
Language
Nationality
Alma mater
Period Gees
Literary
movement Notable
work(s) Spouse(s) Children Relative(s) 30 November 1900 (aged 46) Paris, France Writer English, French Irish Trinity College, Dublin Victorian era Drama, short story, dialogue, journalism Aestheticism The Importance of Being Earnest, The Picture of Dorian Gray Constance Lloyd (1884-1898) Cyril Holland, Vyvyan Holland Sir William Wilde, Lady Jane Francesca Wilde
Signature
Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills Wilde (16 October 1854 – 30 November 1900) was an Irish writer and poet. After writing in different forms throughout the 1880s, he became one of London's most popular playwrights in the early 1890s. Today he is remembered for his epigrams, plays and the
circumstances of his imprisonment, followed by his early death.
Wilde's parents were successful Dublin intellectuals, and their son showed his intelligence early by becoming fluent in French and German. At university Wilde read Greats; he proved himself to be an outstanding classicist, first at Dublin, then at Oxford. He became known for his involvement in the rising philosophy of aestheticism (led by two of his tutors, Walter Pater and John Ruskin), though he also profoundly explored Roman Catholicism, to which he would later convert on his deathbed. After university, Wilde moved to London into fashionable cultural and social circles. As a spokesman for aestheticism, he tried his hand at various literary activities: he published a book of poems, lectured in the United States of America and Canada on the new "English Renaissance in Art", and then returned to London where he worked prolifically as a journalist.
Known for his biting wit, flamboyant dress, and glittering conversation, Wilde had become one of the most well-known personalities of his day. At the turn of the 1890s, he refined his ideas about the supremacy of art in a series of dialogues and essays, and incorporated themes of decadence, duplicity, and beauty into his only novel, The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890). The opportunity to construct aesthetic details precisely, and combine them with larger social themes, drew Wilde to write drama. He wrote Salome (1891) in French in Paris but it was refused a licence. Unperturbed, Wilde produced four society comedies in the early 1890s, which made him one of the most successful playwrights of late Victorian London. At the height of his fame and success, whilst his masterpiece, The Importance of Being Earnest (1895), was still on stage in London, Wilde sued his lover's father for libel. After a series of trials, Wilde was convicted of gross indecency with other men and imprisoned for two years, held to hard labour. In prison he wrote De Profundis, a long letter which discusses his spiritual journey through his trials, forming a dark
counterpoint to his earlier philosophy of pleasure. Upon his release he left immediately for France, never to return to Ireland or Britain. There he wrote his last work, The Ballad of Reading Gaol, a long poem
commemorating the harsh rhythms of prison life. He died destitute in Paris at the age of forty-six.
Contents
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? ? ? ? ? 1 Early life oo 2.2 Magdalen College, Oxford o 3.1 Debut in society o 3.2 America: 1882 o oo 4.2 Shorter fiction o 4.3 Essays and dialogues o
o
篇三：英语常用短语的用法与练习(23)
英语常用短语的用法与练习（23）
111. pay off得到好结果，取得成功(常用主动语态)；偿清债款；付清工资解雇；(对??进行)报复；收买(某人)；
例句：
①At last, his hard work paid off. 最后，他的努力得到了回报。
②Did your plan pay off? 你的计划成功了吗?
③It took them three years to pay off the debt.他们三年才还清欠债。 pay短语：
pay for付??的钱；为??而付出代价；pay back sth./pay sb. back sth. 偿还某物/偿还某人某物；pay sb. ...for sth. 因某事而付给某人??；pay sb. ...to do sth. 付给某人??去做某事；pay sb. back for sth. 向??报复；
(1). 单项填空
①If you go for a long ride in a friend’s car, it’s the custom to _____ offer to some of the expenses.
A. pay B. pay off C. pay for D. pay back
②The athlete’s years of hard training _____ when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.
A. went on B. got through C. paid off D. ended up
③– How much did you ____ all these things?
-- Not much. They ____ ten yuan.
A. cost, spent B. pay for, spent C. pay for, cost D. take, cost
④Please go on trying. I’m sure the efforts you are ___ will pay off.
A. doingB. givingC. makingD. sparing
(2). 用pay的相关短语填空
①After ten years of hard working she finally _______her debt.
②Our efforts are sure to _______ .
③Have you _______ the milkman this week?
④Have you ______ the money ______ the bank yet?
⑤I will ______ you ______ next week.
112. pick out挑出；选出；辨认出某人或某物；
例句：
①She was picked out from hundreds of applicants for the job. 她是从数
百位申请人里挑选出来做这份工作的。
②He picked out his sister from the crowd. 他从人群中认出了他姐姐。
③You may pick out any two books listed here．你可以在这图书目录中
任选2本。
pick短语：
pick at小口地吃；pick on选择；（作为挨骂或受罚对象）挑中（某人）；
pick up捡起；改良；进步；增加；获得；收听；
单项填空：
①This picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder if you can _____ my
father.
A. find outB. pick out C. look out D. speak out
②—How are you getting on with your business, Tom?
—I’m glad to say it is _____ .
A. picking up B. making up C. taking up D. turning up
③She ___ his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got
it right.
A. looked upB. looked forC. picked outD. picked up
④This picture was taken a long time ago. I wonder if you can ____ my
father.
A. find out B. pick outC. look out D. speak out
113. in place在适当的位置；适当；
例句：
①I like everything to be in place. 我喜欢所有东西都放在原来的地方。
②With everything in place, she started the slide show.一切就绪，她开始
放幻灯片。
③She likes to have everything in place．她喜欢把什么事都安排得井井
有条。
place短语：
be in/out of order有条理/无条理；坏了；be in/out of control 正常/失
控；be in/out of danger 有危险/脱离危险；in place of...＝take the place
of... 代替；取代；give place to被??取代；让位于??；out of place
不在适当的位置；不合适；
(1). 单项填空：
①His efforts to raise money for his program were ____ because no one
showed any intention to take a cent out of their pockets.
A. in place B. in sightC. in effect D. in vain
②Can computers take the place of human beings ___? No one can tell.
A. by the endB. at the endC. in the endD. until the end
③He is giving her French lessons ___ her teaching him English.
A. instead ofB. in exchange for
C. in the place ofD. for a change of
④There is nothing to ___ the soil in place on the hill side.
A. holdB. hold upC. hold backD. hold on
(2). 完成句子：
①你可以用木柴来取代煤。You can use wood ________ coal.
②棉花要取代丝绸。Cotton is _________ silk. ③你的提议很恰当。Your proposal is quite _________ .
114. prevent ...from 阻止；制止；
例句：
①The heavy rain prevented us from going there.这场大雨使我们没能
到那里去。
②This plan will be kept from being carried out.这计划将被阻止实施。 ③Ignorance and superstition prevent them from benefiting from modern medicine.由于无知和迷信，他们无法得到现代医学的好处。 辨析：prevent/stop/keep/protect
prevent, stop, keep与protect四者的常见结构为：
prevent ...(from) doing sth.；stop ...(from) doing sth.；keep ...from doing sth.; 均表示“阻止??做某事”。
上述三个结构中，在主动语态中stop 与prevent后可省去from，但在被动语态中不可省略; 而keep ...from ...中的from在任何情况下都不能省略。另外，protect ...from ...表示“保护??不受??侵袭；阻挡；防御”。from后接能带来伤害或损害的事物。
比较：protect...from与prevent...from
(1)protect...from sth. 保护??免受??；既可指防御敌人的攻击，又可指防御自然界的损害，如风雨、日晒、寒冷、炎热、疾病等。如： ①Oats help lower blood pressure and protect against heart disease.燕麦有助于降低血压和预防心脏病。
②He raised his arm to protect his face from the blow.他抬起胳膊保护脸部以免受一击。
(2). prevent...from的意义是：阻止...做...或阻止某事的发生。如： ①We must prevent the water from being polluted. 我们必须阻止水被污染。
②Who prevents their plans from being carrying out?谁阻止他们的计划
《prevent的相关用法》出自：百味书屋
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